ABSTRACT
Objective To establish an index system for comprehensive evaluation of public health risks of the coronavirus diseases 2019(COVID-19),and to evaluate the COVID-19 in different counties(districts) of Wenzhou, so as to provide scientific evidence for the implementation of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Rank-sum ratio(RSR) was used to evaluate 12 quality indicators of 5 categories by brain storming method with data including the incidence of COVID-19 and public health risks of COVID-19 epidemic in Wenzhou during January and February, 2020.The regional public health risks of COVID-19 were ranked according to rank-sum ratio size. Results The top three counties(districts) with most reported cases were Yueqing,Rui′an and Lucheng,accounting for 61.90%(312/504) of the total number in Wenzhou.The ratio of import cases to indigenous cases was 1∶1.39.The top three counties(districts) reported most clustering epidemics were Yueqing,Rui′an and Lucheng,accounting for 62.03%(49/79) of the total number in Wenzhou.About 70.63%(356/504)of the cases were found before the medical visit.The time from onset to first medical visit was 2.39 d, and the time from medical visit to diagnosis was 4.49 d.The average number of close contacts for confirmed cases was 29,and the top three counties(districts)with most reported average number of close contacts were Jingkai(135 cases),Dongtou(59 cases)and Cangnan(50 cases).Among all13 counties(districts),Longgang,Wencheng and Jingkai were at lower level,Yueqing and Lucheng were at higher level,and the other counties(districts)were at the middle level of public health risks of COVID-19. Conclusions RSR method is flexible and simple.It has no specific requirements on samples,and can eliminate the effects of comprehensive assessment indexes of different dimension.It has high value in evaluating public health risks of the COVID-19.The evaluating of public health risks of COVID-19 should be strengthened.Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken to positively prevent the outbreak of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirusdisease-19, COVID-19) public health risk assessment index system, evaluate the public health risks of COVID-19, and provide a scientific basis for the implementation of targeted prevention and control measures.
ABSTRACT
The World Health Organization has declared SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak a world-wide pandemic. Individuals infected by the virus exhibited different degrees of symptoms, the basis of which remains largely unclear. Currently, though convalescent individuals have been shown with both cellular and humoral immune responses, there is very limited understanding on the immune responses, especially adaptive immune responses, in patients with severe COVID-19. Here, we examined 10 blood samples from COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The majority of them (70%) mounted SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity with production of neutralizing antibodies. However, compared to healthy controls, the percentages and absolute numbers of both NK cells and CD8+ T cells were significantly reduced, accompanied with decreased IFN{gamma} expression in CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood from severe patients. Most notably, we failed in detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN{gamma} production by peripheral blood lymphocytes from these patients. Our work thus indicates that COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms are associated with defective cellular immunity, which not only provides insights on understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19, but also has implications in developing an effective vaccine to SARS-CoV-2.
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
The WHO has declared SARS-CoV-2 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. However, to date, there was hardly any study in characterizing the immune responses, especially adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we collected blood from COVID-19 patients who have recently become virus-free and therefore were discharged, and analyzed their SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T cell responses. We observed SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in the patients. Both were detected in newly discharged patients, suggesting both participate in immune-mediated protection to viral infection. However, follow-up patients (2 weeks post discharge) exhibited high titers of IgG antibodies, but with low levels of virus-specific T cells, suggesting that they may enter a quiescent state. Our work has thus provided a basis for further analysis of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2, and understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19, especially in the severe cases. It has also implications in designing an effective vaccine to protect and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.